one must leave

ἀπο-λειπτέον, ([etym.] ἀπολείπομαι)

A one must stay behind, X.Oec.7.38.

2 (from [voice] Act.) one must leave behind, Hld.2.17; one must desert, abandon,

οὐκ ἀ. Plu.2.263f

; one must omit, pass over, Jul.Or. 3.106c.

καταλειπτέον

one must leave behind: fem nom /voc pl

καταλειπτέᾱͅ, καταλειπτέον

one must leave behind: fem dat sg (attic doric aeolic)

καταλειπτέον

one must leave behind: masc acc sg

καταλειπτέον

one must leave behind: neut nom /voc /acc sg

λειπτέον

one must leave: masc acc sg

λειπτέον

one must leave: neut nom /voc /acc sg

λειπτέος

masc /fem acc sg

λειπτέος

neut nom /voc /acc sg

ὑπολειπτέον

one must leave remaining: masc acc sg

ὑπολειπτέον

one must leave remaining: neut nom /voc /acc sg

ὑπολειπτέον

one must leave remaining: masc acc sg

ὑπολειπτέον

one must leave remaining: neut nom /voc /acc sg

ἀφεκτ-έον, ([etym.] ἀπέχομαι)

A one must abstain from,

τινός X.Mem.1.2.34

;

τροφῆς Porph.Abst.1.38

, etc.; one must leave alone,

τινός Gal. 17(2).359

: so in pl. [suff] ἀφεκτ-τέα, Ar.Lys. 124; cf. ἀποσχετέον.

καταλειπτέον,

A one must leave behind, Ph.Bel.100.37, Antyll. ap. Orib.45.2.9.

λειπτέον,

A one must leave, abandon, E.HF 1385, Pl.Cri. 51b, etc.

ὑπολειπ-τέον,

A one must leave remaining, Ph.1.184, Plu.2.813a.

παρετέον, ([etym.] παρίημι)

A one must let pass, neglect, Pl.Lg. 796a, Aen. Tact.19, Hierocl.p.48 A.

II one must leave,

ταῦτα π. τοῖς μετεωροθήραις σκοπεῖν Ph.1.674

.

καταλείπω (s. λείπω; Hom.+) alternate form καταλιμπάνω (LXX; TestIss 6:1; ApcEsdr 3:12 p. 27, 24 Tdf.) impf. κατέλειπον; fut. καταλείψω; 1 aor. κατέλειψα (Ac 6:2; Hs 8, 3, 5 v.l.; CPR I, 102; Jos., Bell. 1, 504, Ant. 10, 277); 2 aor. κατέλιπον (on the aor. forms s. B-D-F §75; W-S. §13, 10; Rob. 348; Helbing 90f; Thackeray 234; Dssm., NB 18 [BS 190]; Crönert 234, 6; KDieterich, Untersuchungen 1898, 238; Mayser 364); pf. καταλέλοιπα LXX. Pass.: fut. καταλειφθήσομαι LXX; 1 aor. κατελείφθην; pf. 3 sg. καταλέλειπται (LXX; JosAs 4:13), inf. καταλελεῖφθαι, ptc. καταλελειμμένος (W-S. §5, 13e) ‘leave behind’.

① to cause to be left in a place, leave (behind)

ⓐ of pers. τινά someone

α. by leaving a place (Diod S 1, 55, 4; 5, 51, 4; Da 10:13; ParJer 3:12; ApcMos 31; Just., D. 2, 3 al.) καταλείψει ἄνθρωπος τὸν πατέρα κτλ. Mt 19:5; Mk 10:7; Eph 5:31 (all three Gen 2:24); Mt 16:4; 21:17. κἀκείνους κατέλιπεν αὐτοῦ Ac 18:19. κατέλιπόν σε ἐν Κρήτῃ, ἵνα Tit 1:5 v.l. (for ἀπολείπω). καταλείπω σε ἐν τῷ οἴκω μου GJs 9:3. ὁ Φῆλιξ κατέλιπεν τ. Παῦλον δεδεμένον Ac 24:27 (the ptc. as TestReub 3:14); cp. the pass. be left behind (Hippol., Ref. 7, 25, 2) 25:14.—Elsewh. the pass. has the mng. remain behind (X., An. 5, 6, 12) J 8:9. ἐν Ἀθήναις 1 Th 3:1.

β. by dying leave (behind) (Hom. et al.; oft. pap and LXX) γυναῖκα Mk 12:19. σπέρμα descendants vs. 21 (s. ἀφίημι 4). τέκνα (Dt 28:54; cp. Pr 20:7; Jos., Ant. 12, 235) Lk 20:31.

ⓑ of things leave (behind) (s. β above) πρόβατα ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ Lk 15:4. πάντα ἐπὶ τ. γῆς everything on land 5:11 D. Of a youth fleeing fr. the police καταλιπὼν τὴν σινδόνα Mk 14:52 (Aesop, Fab. 419 P.=196 H./301 H-H.: κατέλιπε τὸν ἑαυτοῦ χιτῶνα; Gen 39:12; TestJos 8:3; cp. Mk 10:50, s. PDickerson, JBL 116, ’97, 273–89).

② to depart from a place, with implication of finality, leave (Dio Chrys. 30 [47], 2 τ. πατρίδα; Just., D. 60, 2 τὰ ὑπὲρ οὐρανὸν πάντα) τὴν Ναζαρά Mt 4:13. Αἴγυπτον Hb 11:27. Fig. καταλείποντες εὐθεῖαν ὁδὸν ἐπλανήθησαν 2 Pt 2:15. κ. ὁδὸν τοῦ θεοῦ ὅλως ApcPt Bodl.— Leave someth. as it is, located in its own place, of an island καταλιπόντες αὐτὴν εὐώνυμον Ac 21:3.

③ to cease from some activity, leave to one side, give up of vice κακίαν 2 Cl 10:1 (ParJer 8:2 τὰ ἔργα τῆς Βαβυλῶνος). W. inf. foll. to denote purpose: leave off from τοῦ φυλάσσειν τὸν πύργον cease to guard the tower Hs 9, 5, 1 of young women who appeared to have ceased guarding a certain tower.

④ to cause someth. to remain in existence or be left over, leave over (Alex. Aphr., Fat. 28, II 2 p. 199, 8) τὰ θηρία … ἵνα μηδὲν καταλίπωσι τῶν τοῦ σώματός μου so that they don’t leave a piece of my body IRo 4:2. Pass. remain (Jos., Bell. 4, 338 σωτηρίας ἐλπίς; Iren. 1, 16, 1 [Harv. I 158, 12]; Hippol., Ref. 7, 31, 8), specif. in the sense be incomplete, unfinished, open (X., Cyr. 2, 3, 11 μάχη; PLond III, 1171, 43 [8 B.C.]) καταλειπομένη ἐπαγγελία a promise that is still open Hb 4:1.—Leave over; see to it that someth. is left (cp. Sir 24:33) κατέλιπον ἐμαυτῷ ἑπτακισχιλίους ἄνδρας I have kept 7,000 men for myself Ro 11:4 (3 Km 19:18; here as in the Hebr. the first pers.).

⑤ to leave someth. with design before departing, leave behind of an inheritance (Mel., P. 49, 347–79) Hv 3, 12, 2.

⑥ to cause to be left to one’s own resources, leave (behind)

ⓐ by desertion or abandonment leave behind, desert MPol 17:2 Christ (Sir 28:23 κύριον; Just., D. 8, 3 θεόν).

ⓑ leave without help τινά w. the inf. of result (not of purpose; s. B-D-F §392, 1f; Rob. 1090, and cp. Il. 17, 151) ἡ ἀδελφή μου μόνην με κατέλιπεν διακονεῖν my sister has left me without help, so that now I must serve alone Lk 10:40 (v.l. κατέλειπεν; for κ. ἐμὲ μόνον cp. Jos., Vi. 301).

⑦ to set someth. aside in the interest of someth. else, leave

ⓐ abandon ἀλήθειαν Hs 8, 9, 1.

ⓑ give up (e.g. schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 272–74 τὴν τέχνην give up one’s trade); lose (Petosiris, Fgm. 12 ln. 22 and 120 τὸν θρόνον) πάντα Lk 5:28; cp. 1 Cl 10:2; τὴν παροικίαν τ. κόσμου τούτου 2 Cl 5:1.

ⓒ set to one side, neglect (Ps.-X., Cyneg. 3, 10 τὰ αὑτῶν ἔργα; Dt 29:24 τ. διαθήκην; Jos., Ant. 8, 190 τ. τῶν πατρίων ἐθισμῶν φυλακήν; TestIss 6:1 τὴν ἁπλότητα) ἄμπελος ἐν φραγμῷ τινι καταλειφθεῖσα just as a vine left to itself on some fence Hs 9, 26, 4. τὸν λόγον τ. θεοῦ Ac 6:2.—DELG s.v. λίθος. M-M. TW.

κόσμος, ου, ὁ (Hom.+)

① that which serves to beautify through decoration, adornment, adorning (Hom.+; Diod S 20, 4, 5 τῶν γυναικῶν τὸν κόσμον; OGI 531, 13; SIG 850, 10; IMaronIsis 41; PEleph 1, 4; PSI 240, 12 γυναικεῖον κόσμον; LXX; TestJud 12:1; JosAs 2:6 al.; Philo, Migr. Abr. 97 γυναικῶν κ.; Jos., Ant. 1, 250; 15, 5; Just., A II, 11, 4f) of women’s attire, etc. ὁ ἔξωθεν … κόσμος external adorning 1 Pt 3:3 (Vi. Hom. 4 of the inward adornment of a woman, beside σωφροσύνη; Crates, Ep. 9; Pythag., Ep. 11, 1; Plut., Mor. 141e; on the topic of external adornment cp. SIG 736, 15–26).

② condition of orderliness, orderly arrangement, order (Hom. et al.; s. HDiller, Die vorphilosophische Gebrauch von κ. und κοσμεῖν: BSnell Festschr., ’56, 47–60) μετὰ κόσμου in order Dg 12:9 (text uncertain; s. μετακόσμιος).

③ the sum total of everything here and now, the world, the (orderly) universe, in philosophical usage (so, acc. to Plut., Mor. 886b, as early as Pythagoras; certainly Heraclitus, Fgm. 66; Pla., Gorg. 508a, Phdr. 246c; Chrysipp., Fgm. 527 v. Arnim κόσμος σύστημα ἐξ οὐρανοῦ καὶ γῆς καὶ τῶν ἐν τούτοις περιεχομένων φύσεων. Likew. Posidonius in Diog. L. 7, 138; Ps.-Aristot., De Mundo 2 p. 391b, 9ff; 2 and 4 Macc; Wsd; EpArist 254; Philo, Aet. M. 4; Jos., Ant. 1, 21; Test12Patr; SibOr 7, 123; AssMos Fgm. b Denis [=Tromp p. 272]; Just., A I, 20, 2 al.; Ath. 19, 2 al.; Orig., C. Cels. 4, 68, 14; Did., Gen. 36, 7; 137, 13.—The other philosoph. usage, in which κ. denotes the heaven in contrast to the earth, is prob. without mng. for our lit. [unless perh. Phil 2:15 κ.=‘sky’?]). ἡ ἀέναος τοῦ κ. σύστασις the everlasting constitution of the universe 1 Cl 60:1 (cp. OGI 56, 48 εἰς τὸν ἀέναον κ.). Sustained by four elements Hv 3, 13, 3. πρὸ τοῦ τὸν κ. εἶναι before the world existed J 17:5. ἀπὸ καταβολῆς [κόσμου] from the beginning of the world Mt 13:35; 25:34; Lk 11:50; Hb 4:3; 9:26; Rv 13:8; 17:8. Also ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς κ. Mt 24:21 or ἀπὸ κτίσεως κ. Ro 1:20.—B 5:5 ἀπὸ καταβ. κ. evidently means at the foundation of the world (s. Windisch, Hdb. ad loc.). πρὸ καταβολῆς κ. before the foundation of the world J 17:24; Eph 1:4; 1 Pt 1:20 (on the uses w. καταβολή s. that word, 1). οὐδὲν εἴδωλον ἐν κ. no idol has any real existence in the universe (Twentieth Century NT) 1 Cor 8:4. Of the creation in its entirety 3:22. ὁ κόσμος ὅλος = πᾶσα ἡ κτίσις (Sallust. 21 p. 36, 13; TestSol 5:7; TestJob 33:4) Hs 9, 2, 1; 9, 14, 5. φωστῆρες ἐν κόσμῳ stars in the universe Phil 2:15 (s. above). Esp. of the universe as created by God (Epict 4, 7, 6 ὁ θεὸς πάντα πεποίηκεν, τὰ ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ καὶ αὐτὸν τὸν κόσμον ὅλον; Wsd 9:9; 2 Macc 7:23 ὁ τοῦ κ. κτίστης; 4 Macc 5:25; Just., A I, 59, 1 al.; Ath. 8, 2 al.) ὁ ποιήσας τὸν κ. who has made the world Ac 17:24. ὁ κτίστης τοῦ σύμπαντος κ. 1 Cl 19:2; ὁ κτίσας τὸν κ. Hv 1, 3, 4; cp. m 12, 4, 2. ὁ τοῦ παντὸς κ. κυριεύων B 21:5. οὐδʼ εἶναι τὸν κόσμον θεοῦ ἀλλὰ ἀγγέλων AcPlCor 1:15. Christ is called παντὸς τοῦ κ. κύριος 5:5; and the κ. owes its origin to his agency J 1:10b. The world was created for the sake of the church Hv 2, 4, 1.—The universe, as the greatest space conceivable, is not able to contain someth. (Philo, Ebr. 32) J 21:25.

④ the sum total of all beings above the level of the animals, the world, as θέατρον ἐγενήθημεν (i.e. οἱ ἀπόστολοι) τῷ κόσμῳ καὶ ἀγγέλοις καὶ ἀνθρώποις 1 Cor 4:9. Here the world is divided into angels and humans (cp. the Stoic definition of the κόσμος in Stob., Ecl. I p. 184, 8 τὸ ἐκ θεῶν καὶ ἀνθρώπων σύστημα; likew. Epict 1, 9, 4.—Acc. to Ocellus Luc. 37, end, the κ. consists of the sphere of the divine beyond the moon and the sphere of the earthly on this side of the moon).

⑤ planet earth as a place of inhabitation, the world (SIG 814, 31 [67 A.D.] Nero, ὁ τοῦ παντὸς κόσμου κύριος; the meaning of the birthday of Augustus for the world OGI 458, 40 [=IPriene 105]; 2 Macc 3:12; Jos., Ant. 9, 241; 10, 205; Orig., C. Cels. 4, 68)

ⓐ gener. Mk 16:15. τὰς βασιλείας τοῦ κ. Mt 4:8; ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ κ. 26:13. Cp. 13:38 (cp. Hs 5, 5, 2); Mk 14:9; Hs 9, 25, 2. τὸ φῶς τοῦ κ. τούτου the light of this world (the sun) J 11:9. In rhetorical exaggeration ἡ πίστις ὑμῶν καταγγέλλεται ἐν ὅλῳ τ. κόσμῳ Ro 1:8 (cp. the Egypt. grave ins APF 5, 1913, 169 no. 24, 8 ὧν ἡ σωφροσύνη κατὰ τὸν κ. λελάληται). Abraham as κληρονόμος κόσμου heir of the world 4:13.—Cp. 1 Cor 14:10; Col 1:6. ἡ ἐν τῷ κ. ἀδελφότης the brotherhood in the (whole) world 1 Pt 5:9. ἐγένετο ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ κ. τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν our Lord has assumed the sovereignty of the world Rv 11:15. τὰ ἔθνη τοῦ κ. (not LXX, but prob. rabbinic אֻמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם=humankind apart fr. Israel; Billerb. II 191; Dalman, Worte 144f) the unconverted in the world Lk 12:30. In this line of development, κόσμος alone serves to designate the polytheistic unconverted world Ro 11:12, 15.—Other worlds (lands) beyond the ocean 1 Cl 20:8.—Many of these pass. bear the connotation of

ⓑ the world as the habitation of humanity (as SibOr 1, 160). So also Hs 9, 17, 1f. εἰσέρχεσθαι εἰς τὸν κ. of entrance into the world by being born 1 Cl 38:3. ἐκ τοῦ κ. ἐξελθεῖν leave this present world (Philo, Leg. All. 3, 5 ἔξω τ. κόσμου φεύγειν; s. ἐξέρχομαι 5; cp. Hippol., Ref. 5, 16, 7) 1 Cor 5:10b; 2 Cl 8:3. γεννηθῆναι εἰς τὸν κ. be born into the world J 16:21. ἕως ἐσμὲν ἐν τούτῳ τῷ κ. 2 Cl 8:2. οὐδὲν εἰσφέρειν εἰς τὸν κ. (Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 294 τὸν μηδὲν εἰς τὸν κόσμον εἰσενηνοχότα) 1 Ti 6:7 (Pol 4:1). πολλοὶ πλάνοι ἐξῆλθον εἰς τὸν κ. 2J 7.—ἐν τῷ κόσμω τούτῳ J 12:25 (κ. need not here be understood as an entity hostile to God, but the transition to the nuance in 7b, below, is signalled by the term that follows: ζωὴν αἰώνιον). ἵνα εἰς κόσμον προέλθῃ AcPlCor 2:6.

ⓒ earth, world in contrast to heaven (Dio Chrys. 19 [36], 59; Iren., 1, 4, 2 [Harv. I 35, 5]; Orig., C. Cels. 8, 15, 24) ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ τούτῳ 2 Cl 19:3.—Esp. when mention is made of the preexistent Christ, who came fr. another world into the κόσμος. So, above all, in John (Bultmann, index I κόσμος) ἔρχεσθαι εἰς τὸν κ. (τοῦτον) J 6:14; 9:39; 11:27; 16:28a; 18:37; specif. also come into the world as light 12:46; cp. 1:9; 3:19. Sending of Jesus into the world 3:17a; 10:36; 17:18; 1J 4:9. His εἶναι ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ J 1:10a; 9:5a; 17:12 v.l. Leaving the world and returning to the Father 13:1a; 16:28b. Cp. 14:19; 17:11a. His kingship is not ἐκ τοῦ κ. τούτου of this world i.e. not derived from the world or conditioned by its terms and evaluations 18:36ab.—Also Χρ. Ἰησοῦς ἦλθεν εἰς τ. κόσμον 1 Ti 1:15; cp. ἐπιστεύθη ἐν κόσμῳ (opp. ἀνελήμφθη ἐν δόξῃ) 3:16.—εἰσερχόμενος εἰς τὸν κ. Hb 10:5.

ⓓ the world outside in contrast to one’s home PtK 3 p. 15, 13; 19.

⑥ humanity in general, the world (TestAbr B 8 p. 113, 11 [Stone p. 74]; ApcEsdr 3:6 p. 27, 14; SibOr 1, 189; Just., A I, 39, 3 al.)

ⓐ gener. οὐαὶ τῷ κ. ἀπὸ τῶν σκανδάλων woe to humankind because of the things that cause people to sin Mt 18:7; τὸ φῶς τοῦ κ. the light for humanity 5:14; cp. J 8:12; 9:5. ὁ σωτὴρ τοῦ κ. 4:42; 1J 4:14 (this designation is found in inscriptions, esp. oft. of Hadrian [WWeber, Untersuchungen z. Geschichte des Kaisers Hadrianus 1907, 225; 226; 229]).—J 1:29; 3:17b; 17:6.—κρίνειν τὸν κ. (SibOr 4, 184; TestAbr A 13 p. 92, 11 [Stone p. 32]; ApcMos 37) of God, Christ J 12:47a; Ro 3:6; B 4:12; cp. Ro 3:19. Of believers 1 Cor 6:2ab (cp. Sallust. 21 p. 36, 13 the souls of the virtuous, together w. the gods, will rule the whole κόσμος). Of Noah διʼ ἧς (sc. πίστεως) κατέκρινεν τὸν κ. Hb 11:7. ἡ ἁμαρτία εἰς τὸν κ. εἰσῆλθεν Ro 5:12; likew. θάνατος εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸν κ. 1 Cl 3:4 (Wsd 2:24; 14:14). Cp. Ro 5:13; 1 Cor 1:27f. περικαθάρματα τοῦ κ. the refuse of humanity 4:13. Of persons before conversion ἄθεοι ἐν τῷ κ. Eph 2:12.—2 Cor 1:12; 5:19; Js 2:5; 1J 2:2; 4:1, 3. ἀρχαῖος κόσμος the people of the ancient world 2 Pt 2:5a; cp. vs. 5b; 3:6. Of pers. of exceptional merit: ὧν οὐκ ἦν ἄξιος ὁ κ. of whom the world was not worthy Hb 11:38.—ὅλος ὁ κ. all the world, everybody Ac 2:47 D; 1 Cl 5:7; cp. ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ κ. 59:2; εἰς ὅλον τὸν κ. Hs 8, 3, 2. Likew. ὁ κόσμος (cp. Philo, De Prov. in Eus., PE 8, 14, 58) ὁ κ. ὀπίσω αὐτοῦ ἀπῆλθεν J 12:19. ταῦτα λαλῶ εἰς τὸν κ. 8:26; ἐν τῷ κ. 17:13; ἐγὼ παρρησίᾳ λελάληκα τῷ κ. 18:20; cp. 7:4; 14:22. ἵνα γνῷ ὁ κ. 14:31; cp. 17:23; ἵνα ὁ κ. πιστεύῃ 17:21.

ⓑ of all humanity, but especially of believers, as the object of God’s love J 3:16, 17c; 6:33, 51; 12:47b.

⑦ the system of human existence in its many aspects, the world

ⓐ as scene of earthly joys, possessions, cares, sufferings (cp. 4 Macc 8:23) τὸν κ. ὅλον κερδῆσαι gain the whole world Mt 16:26; Mk 8:36; Lk 9:25; 2 Cl 6:2 (cp. Procop. Soph., Ep. 137 the whole οἰκουμένη is an unimportant possession compared to ἀρετή). τὰ τερπνὰ τοῦ κ. the delightful things in the world IRo 6:1. οἱ χρώμενοι τὸν κ. ὡς μὴ καταχρώμενοι those who use the world as though they had no use of it or those who deal with the world as having made no deals with it 1 Cor 7:31a. ἔχειν τὸν βίον τοῦ κ. possess worldly goods 1J 3:17. τὰ τοῦ κόσμου the affairs of the world 1 Cor 7:33f; cp. 1J 2:15f. The latter pass. forms an easy transition to the large number of exprs. (esp. in Paul and John) in which

ⓑ the world, and everything that belongs to it, appears as that which is hostile to God, i.e. lost in sin, wholly at odds w. anything divine, ruined and depraved (Herm. Wr. 6, 4 [the κόσμος is τὸ πλήρωμα τῆς κακίας]; 13, 1 [ἡ τοῦ κ. ἀπάτη], in Stob. p. 428, 24 Sc.; En 48:7; TestIss 4:6; AscIs 3:25; Hdb., exc. on J 1:10; Bultmann ad loc.—cp. Sotades Maronita [III B.C.] 11 Diehl: the κόσμος is unjust and hostile to great men) IMg 5:2; IRo 2:2. ὁ κόσμος οὗτος this world (in contrast to the heavenly realm) J 8:23; 12:25, 31a; 13:1; 16:11; 18:36; 1J 4:17; 1 Cor 3:19; 5:10a; 7:31b; Hv 4, 3, 2ff; D 10:6; 2 Cl 5:1, 5; (opp. ὁ ἅγιος αἰών) B 10:11. ‘This world’ is ruled by the ἄρχων τοῦ κ. τούτου the prince of this world, the devil J 12:31b; 16:11; without τούτου 14:30. Cp. ὁ κ. ὅλος ἐν τῷ πονηρῷ κεῖται the whole world lies in the power of the evil one 1J 5:19; cp. 4:4; also ὁ αἰὼν τοῦ κ. τούτου Eph 2:2 (s. αἰών 4).—Christians must have nothing to do with this world of sin and separation fr. God: instead of desiring it IRo 7:1, one is to ἄσπιλον ἑαυτὸν τηρεῖν ἀπὸ τοῦ κ. keep oneself untainted by the world Js 1:27. ἀποφεύγειν τὰ μιάσματα τοῦ κ. 2 Pt 2:20; cp. 1:4 (s. ἀποφεύγω 1).—Pol 5:3. ἡ φιλία τοῦ κ. ἔχθρα τ. θεοῦ ἐστιν Js 4:4a; cp. vs. 4b. When such an attitude is taken Christians are naturally hated by the world IRo 3:3; J 15:18, 19ad; 17:14a; 1J 3:13, as their Lord was hated J 7:7; 15:18; cp. 1:10c; 14:17; 16:20.—Also in Paul: God and world in opposition τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ κ. and τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἐκ θεοῦ the spirit of the world and the spirit that comes fr. God 1 Cor 2:12; σοφία τοῦ κ. and σοφία τοῦ θεοῦ 1:20f. ἡ κατὰ θεὸν λύπη and ἡ τοῦ κ. λύπη godly grief and worldly grief 2 Cor 7:10. The world is condemned by God 1 Cor 11:32; yet also the object of the divine plan of salvation 2 Cor 5:19; cp. 1 Cl 7:4; 9:4. A Christian is dead as far as this world is concerned: διʼ οὗ (i.e. Ἰ. Χρ.) ἐμοὶ κ. ἐσταύρωται κἀγὼ κόσμῳ through Christ the world has been crucified for me, and I have been (crucified) to the world Gal 6:14; cp. the question τί ὡς ζῶντες ἐν κ. δογματίζεσθε; Col 2:20b. For στοιχεῖα τοῦ κ. Gal 4:3; Col 2:8, 20a s. στοιχεῖον.—The use of κ. in this sense is even further developed in John. The κ. stands in opposition to God 1J 2:15f and hence is incapable of knowing God J 17:25; cp. 1J 4:5, and excluded fr. Christ’s intercession J 17:9; its views refuted by the Paraclete 16:8. Neither Christ himself 17:14c, 16b; 14:27, nor his own 15:19b; 17:14b, 16a; 1J 3:1 belong in any way to the ‘world’. Rather Christ has chosen them ‘out of the world’ J 15:19c, even though for the present they must still live ‘in the world’ 17:11b; cp. 13:1b; 17:15, 18b. All the trouble that they must undergo because of this, 16:33a, means nothing compared w. the victorious conviction that Christ (and the believers w. him) has overcome ‘the world’ vs. 33b; 1J 5:4f, and that it is doomed to pass away 2:17 (TestJob 33:4; Kephal. I 154, 21: the κόσμος τῆς σαρκός will pass away).

⑧ collective aspect of an entity, totality, sum total (SIG 850, 10 τὸν κόσμον τῶν ἔργων (but s. 1 above); Pr 17:6a) ὁ κ. τῆς ἀδικίας ἡ γλῶσσα καθίσταται the tongue becomes (or proves to be) the sum total of iniquity Js 3:6 (so, approx., Meinertz; FHauck.—MDibelius, Windisch and ASchlatter find mng. 7b here, whereas ACarr, Exp. 7th ser., 8, 1909, 318ff thinks of mng. 1). Χρ. τὸν ὑπὲρ τῆς τοῦ παντὸς κόσμου τῶν σῳζομένων σωτηρίας παθόντα Christ, who suffered or died (s. πάσχω 3aα) for the salvation of the sum total of those who are saved MPol 17:2.—FBytomski, D. genet. Entwicklung des Begriffes κόσμος in d. Hl. Schrift: Jahrb. für Philos. und spekul. Theol. 25, 1911, 180–201; 389–413 (only the OT); CSchneider, Pls u. d. Welt: Αγγελος IV ’32, 11–47; EvSchrenck, Der Kosmos-Begriff bei Joh.: Mitteilungen u. Nachrichten f. d. evang. Kirche in Russland 51, 1895, 1–29; RLöwe, Kosmos u. Aion ’35; RBultmann, D. Verständnis v. Welt u. Mensch im NT u. im Griechentum: ThBl 19, ’40, 1–14; GBornkamm, Christus u. die Welt in der urchr. Botschaft: ZTK 47, ’50, 212–26; ALesky, Kosmos ’63; RVölkl, Christ u. Welt nach dem NT ’61; GJohnston, οἰκουμένη and κ. in the NT: NTS 10, ’64, 352–60; NCassem, ibid. 19, ’72/73, 81–91; RBratcher, BT 31, ’80, 430–34.—B. 13; 440. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW.

ὑπάγω impf. ὑπῆγον (Hom.+, but predom. trans. [=‘bring under’, etc.] in non-biblical Gk.; so also Ex 14:21; in NT gener. replaces ἀπέρχομαι). In our lit. (though not found at all in Ac, Paul, Hb; most frequently in John) used only intr. (so Hdt., Eur., Aristoph. et al.; oft. pap; JKalitsunakis, ByzZ 29, 1929, 228ff; also TestAbr B 6 p. 111, 1 [Stone p. 70]; TestJob 46, 5; JosAs 16:15; ParJer 7:11; ApcEsdr p. 25, 5 Tdf.; ApcSed 9:1) ‘go away, withdraw, go’ and only in the pres. (mostly in the impv.) and impf.—B-D-F §101 p. 43 under ἄγειν; 308: it tends more and more to mean simply ‘go’ in colloq. speech; so in Mod. Gk.

① to leave someone’s presence, go away (Epict. 3, 23, 12) ὕπαγε σατανᾶ be gone, Satan! Mt 4:10; combined w. ὀπίσω μου ibid.; v.l.; 16:23; Mk 8:33; Lk 4:8 v.l. ὑπάγετε ἀπʼ ἐμοῦ 2 Cl 4:5 (saying of Jesus, fr. an unknown source). μὴ καὶ ὑμεῖς θέλετε ὑπάγειν; do you, too, want to go away (fr. me)? J 6:67.—ὕπαγε go (away) (PGM 4, 348; 371; 36, 354), esp. go home (Epict. 3, 22, 108) Mt 8:13; 19:21; 20:14; Mk 2:9 v.l.; 7:29; 10:52. On ὕπαγε εἰς εἰρήνην Mk 5:34 or ὑπάγετε ἐν εἰρήνῃ Js 2:16 cp. εἰρήνη 2a. In other moods than the impv. in the general sense go away J 18:8; Hs 8, 2, 5; 9, 10, 4; go away=leave Mk 6:33. ὑπάγουσα λέγει as she went she said Hv 1, 4, 3. ἄφετε αὐτὸν ὑπάγειν let him go (prob.= go home) J 11:44. Naturally the boundary betw. go away and go (elsewhere) is not fixed; cp. e.g. οἱ ἐρχόμενοι καὶ οἱ ὑπάγοντες people coming and going Mk 6:31.

② to be on the move, esp. in a certain direction, go

ⓐ in gener. (in a certain direction) w. the goal indicated by εἰς w. the acc. (Epict. 3, 22, 108; TestJob 46, 5; SEG VIII, 574, 19 [III A.D.]; PLond I, 131, 155 p. 174; 218 p. 176 [I A.D.]; al. in pap) Mt 9:6; 20:4, 7; Mk 2:11; 11:2; 14:13; Lk 19:30; J 6:21; 7:3; 9:11; 11:31; Hv 4, 1, 2; Hs 8, 3, 6; 9, 11, 6. Also in imagery of stones that go into a building = are used in its construction Hv 3, 5, 1 and 3; 3, 6, 2; Hs 9, 3, 3f. Fig. εἰς αἰχμαλωσίαν ὑπάγειν go into captivity Rv 13:10; εἰς ἀπώλειαν 17:8, 11 (ApcEsdr 1:11). ὑπάγετε εἰς τὴν πόλιν πρὸς τὸν δεῖνα Mt 26:18; cp. Mk 5:19 (ὑπάγειν πρός τινα as PTebt 417, 4; 21). πρὸς Νέρωνα AcPl Ha 10, 15. ὑπάγειν μετά τινος (PTebt 422, 9 ὕπαγε μετὰ Μέλανος πρὸς Νεμεσᾶν) Mt 5:41=D 1:4; μετά τινος ἐπί τινα Lk 12:58. ἐκεῖ J 11:8. ποῦ (=ποῖ) 3:8; cp. IPhld 7:1; J 12:35. ὅπου ἂν ὑπάγῃ Rv 14:4 (cp. POxy 1477, 2 ὅπου ὑπάγω; TestLevi 13:3 ὅπου ὑπάγει). W. inf. of purpose ὑπάγω ἁλιεύειν J 21:3 (the only pass. in the NT; s. M-EBoismard, RB 54, ’47, 489; TestBenj ὑπάγειν αὐτὸν κρύψαι; TestAbr B 6 p. 111, 1 [Stone p. 70] ὑπάγω τηρῆσαι τὸν ἀδελφὸν Λὼτ ἀπὸ Σοδόμων).—The impv. ὕπαγε, ὑπάγετε is followed by another impv. in the NT almost always without a connective (Epict. 3, 21, 6; 22, 5; 23, 12 al.; Vi. Aesopi W 44 P. ὕπαγε, δός al.; ApcSed 9:1 ὕπαγε, λαβέ) ὕπαγε ἔλεγξον Mt 18:15; cp. 5:24; 8:4; 19:21; 21:28; 27:65; 28:10; Mk 1:44; 6:38; 10:21; 16:7; J 4:16; 9:7; Rv 10:8; AcPl Ha 7, 32. W. the conjunction καί (PTebt 417, 5f [III A.D.] ὕπαγε καὶ εἴδε) ὑπάγετε καὶ ἐκχέετε Rv 16:1; cp. Hv 3, 1, 7; 4, 2, 5; Hs 8, 11, 1; 9, 10, 1. ὑπάγετε καὶ ζητήσατε GJs 21:2 (codd.; cp. πορευθέντες ἐξετάσατε Mt 2:8).—Abs. go (the context supplies the destination) ὑπάγετε Mt 8:32; cp. 13:44; Lk 10:3; J 15:16. ἐν τῷ ὑπάγειν αὐτόν as he was going Lk 8:42; cp. 17:14.—J 12:11 (P⁶⁶ om. ὑπ.); Hv 3, 10, 2.

ⓑ used esp. of Christ and his going to the Father, characteristically of J. ὑπάγω πρὸς τὸν πέμψαντά με J 7:33; 16:5a; πρὸς τὸν πατέρα vss. 10, 17. ἀπὸ θεοῦ ἐξῆλθεν καὶ πρὸς τὸν θεὸν ὑπάγει 13:3. οἶδα πόθεν ἦλθον καὶ ποῦ ὑπάγω 8:14a; cp. b (GWetter, E. gnost. Formel im vierten Ev.: ZNW 18, 1918, 49–63). ὅπου ἐγὼ ὑπάγω ὑμεῖς οὐ δύνασθε ἐλθεῖν vs. 21b, 22; 13:33; cp. vs. 36b. Abs. ἐγὼ ὑπάγω I am taking my departure 8:21a. ὑπάγω καὶ ἔρχομαι I am going away and returning again 14:28. S. in addition 13:36a; 14:4, 5; 16:5b; 1J 2:11.

③ as euphemism to take the journey of death, die ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ὑπάγει the Human One is to go away=he must die Mt 26:24; Mk 14:21.—B. 694. New Docs 4, 97; M-M. TW.